Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men?
Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live more than men do today and how has this advantage increased in the past? There isn't much evidence and we only have limited answers. While we are aware that there are biological, behavioral and environmental factors which all play a part in women who live longer than men, we do not know the extent to which each factor plays a role.
We have learned that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. But, this is not because of certain non-biological factors have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.
Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from any country can expect to live longer than her brothers.
This chart illustrates that, although there is a women's advantage everywhere, cross-country differences can be significant. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the gap is less that half a year.
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The advantage of women in life expectancy was less in countries with higher incomes that it is today.
Let's look at how the female advantage in longevity has changed with time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancy at the birth in the US in the years 1790-2014. Two distinct points stand زيوت تطويل الشعر out.
The first is that there is an upward trend. Both genders in the United States live longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.
The gap is growing: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was once tiny, it has increased substantially with time.
When you click on the option "Change country by country' in the chart, you can verify that these two points are applicable to the other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.
We have learned that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. But, this is not because of certain non-biological factors have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.
Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from any country can expect to live longer than her brothers.
This chart illustrates that, although there is a women's advantage everywhere, cross-country differences can be significant. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the gap is less that half a year.
__S.17__
__S.19__
The advantage of women in life expectancy was less in countries with higher incomes that it is today.
Let's look at how the female advantage in longevity has changed with time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancy at the birth in the US in the years 1790-2014. Two distinct points stand زيوت تطويل الشعر out.
The first is that there is an upward trend. Both genders in the United States live longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.
The gap is growing: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was once tiny, it has increased substantially with time.
When you click on the option "Change country by country' in the chart, you can verify that these two points are applicable to the other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.